Science | Nature | Cell | View More
Natural Products
Gramine
ChemFaces products have been cited in many studies from excellent and top scientific journals
Product Name Gramine
Price: $40 / 20mg
CAS No.: 87-52-5
Catalog No.: CFN98111
Molecular Formula: C11H14N2
Molecular Weight: 174.25 g/mol
Purity: >=98%
Type of Compound: Alkaloids
Physical Desc.: Cryst.
Source: The herbs of Arundo donax L.
Solvent: Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Download: COA    MSDS    SDF    Manual
Similar structural: Comparison (Web)  (SDF)
Guestbook:
Contact Us
Order & Inquiry & Tech Support

Tel: (0086)-27-84237683
Tech: service@chemfaces.com
Order: manager@chemfaces.com
Address: 176, CheCheng Eest Rd., WETDZ, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, PRC
How to Order
Orders via your E-mail:

1. Product number / Name / CAS No.
2. Delivery address
3. Ordering/billing address
4. Contact information
Order: manager@chemfaces.com
Delivery time
Delivery & Payment method

1. Usually delivery time: Next day delivery by 9:00 a.m. Order now

2. We accept: Wire transfer & Credit card & Paypal
Citing Use of our Products
* Packaging according to customer requirements(5mg, 10mg, 20mg and more). We shipped via FedEx, DHL, UPS, EMS and others courier.
According to end customer requirements, ChemFaces provide solvent format. This solvent format of product intended use: Signaling Inhibitors, Biological activities or Pharmacological activities.
Size /Price /Stock 10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / $7.0 / In-stock
Other Packaging *Packaging according to customer requirements(100uL/well, 200uL/well and more), and Container use Storage Tube With Screw Cap
Our products had been exported to the following research institutions and universities, And still growing.
  • Michigan State University (USA)
  • Amity University (India)
  • Universite Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium)
  • Institute of Pathophysiology Me... (Austria)
  • Mendel University in Brno (Czech Republic)
  • Sri Ramachandra University (India)
  • Periyar University (India)
  • Kyung Hee University (Korea)
  • Celltrion Chemical Research Ins... (Korea)
  • Imperial College London (United Kingdom)
  • University of Madras (India)
  • More...
Package
Featured Products
Trigonelline

Catalog No: CFN90225
CAS No: 535-83-1
Price: $40/20mg
Isoscoparin-2''-Beta-D-glucopyrano...

Catalog No: CFN90900
CAS No: 97605-25-9
Price: $238/5mg
Chikusetsusaponin IVa

Catalog No: CFN92516
CAS No: 51415-02-2
Price: $80/20mg
Brusatol

Catalog No: CFN93119
CAS No: 14907-98-3
Price: $168/20mg
3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic ...

Catalog No: CFN90531
CAS No: 67416-61-9
Price: $80/20mg
Ginsenoside Rg4

Catalog No: CFN90572
CAS No: 126223-28-7
Price: $ / mg
Madecassic acid

Catalog No: CFN99914
CAS No: 18449-41-7
Price: $30/20mg
Testosterone

Catalog No: CFN90034
CAS No: 58-22-0
Price: $40/20mg
Pinocembrin

Catalog No: CFN98740
CAS No: 480-39-7
Price: $40/20mg
Taurocholic acid

Catalog No: CFN96646
CAS No: 81-24-3
Price: $ / mg
Related Screening Libraries
Size /Price /Stock 10 mM * 100 uL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
Related Libraries
Biological Activity
Description: Gramine has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties; it can activate of antioxidants and inactivative of SOD in M. aeruginosa, it also has phytotoxicity on M. aeruginosa may be due to oxidative damage via oxidation of ROS .
Targets: SOD | ROS | Antifection
In vitro:
Chemosphere. 2014 Jun;104:212-20.
Natural xenobiotics to prevent cyanobacterial and algal growth in freshwater: contrasting efficacy of tannic acid, gallic acid, and gramine.[Pubmed: 24332729]
Allelochemical action against planktonic phototrophs is one central issue in freshwater ecology and quality management.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
To determine some basic mechanisms of this toxic action, we exposed the coccal green alga, Desmodesmus armatus, and the coccal cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, in a batch culture well-supplied with carbon dioxide to increasing concentrations of the polyphenols tannic acid and gallic acid and the alkaloid Gramine. The phototrophs were checked after 2d and at the end of the culture for biomass-based growth rates, cell volume, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSIImax), chlorophyll a content (chla) after 2d and at the end of the culture, and lipid peroxidation only at the end of the culture. During the culture, the pH rose from 7.64 to 10.95, a pH characteristic of eutrophic freshwater bodies during nuisance algal blooms. All xenobiotics reduced the growth rate, ΦPSIImax, and chla during the first 2d with M. aeruginosa being more sensitive to the polyphenols than D. armatus. The efficacy of the polyphenols declined with increasing pH, indicating potential polymerization and corresponding reduced bioavailability of the polyphenols. In contrast to the polyphenols, Gramine increased its toxic action over time, independent of the prevailing pH. All exposures caused slight to severe lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the phototrophs. Hence, one mechanism of growth inhibition may be oxidative stress-mediated reduction in photosynthesis.
CONCLUSIONS:
The presented results suggest that in successful field trials with leachate, the prevailing environmental conditions may inactivate polyphenols and xenobiotics other than polyphenols may be more effective.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2001 Oct;42(10):1103-11.
Gramine increase associated with rapid and transient systemic resistance in barley seedlings induced by mechanical and biological stresses.[Pubmed: 11673626]
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is one of the intriguing issues for studying the mechanism in signal transduction system in a whole plant. We found that SAR and increase of an antifungal compound were induced rapidly and transiently in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Goseshikoku) by mechanical and biological stresses. One of the major antifungal compounds was identified as an indole alkaloid, Gramine (N,N-dimethyl-3-aminomethylindole), by mass spectrum and NMR analyses.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Gramine is well known as a constitutive compound of barley, but it increased significantly in the primary and secondary leaves of barley seedlings within 12 h after pruning or inoculating with the powdery mildew fungi of barley (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) and wheat (B. graminis f.sp. tritici). However, in the leaf detached from unwounded seedlings or in the leaf inoculated with the barley powdery mildew fungus, Gramine did not increase at all. In the water droplets contacted with barley leaves, the amount of leaked Gramine increased dependently upon the time after the seedling was injured mechanically. We also found a tight correlation between Gramine increase and enhancement of resistance to the barley powdery mildew fungus in barley leaves treated with an endogenous elicitor. Furthermore, such a systemic resistance was not observed in a barley cultivar Morex that lacks the biosynthetic pathway of Gramine.
CONCLUSIONS:
From these results, we conclude that Gramine is the excellent marker in rapid and transient systemic acquired resistance in barley.
In vivo:
Steroids. 2015 Jun;98:92-9.
Synthesis, spectroscopy, theoretical and biological studies of new gramine-steroids salts and conjugates.[Pubmed: 25777948]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
New Gramine connections with bile acids (lithocholic, deoxycholic, cholic) and sterols (cholesterol, cholestanol) were synthesized. The structures of products were confirmed by spectral (NMR, FT-IR) analysis, mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) as well as PM5 semiempirical methods. Unexpectedly, the products of the reaction of Gramine with cholesterol and cholestanol were symmetrical compounds consisting of two molecules of sterols connected by N(CH3)2 group. All new synthesized compounds interact in vitro with the human erythrocyte membrane and alter discoid erythrocyte shape inducing stomatocytosis or echinocytosis. Increase in the incorporation of the fluorescent dye merocyanine 540 (MC540) into the erythrocyte membrane indicates that new compounds at sublytic concentrations are capable of disturbing membrane phospholipids asymmetry and loosening the molecular packing of phospholipids in the bilayer. Gramine significantly decreases the membrane partitioning properties as well as haemolytic activity of lithocholic acid in its new salt. Moreover, both deoxycholic and cholic acids completely lost their membrane perturbing activities in the Gramine salts. On the other hand, the capacity of new Gramine-sterols connections to alter the erythrocyte membrane structure and its permeability is much higher in comparison with sterols alone.
CONCLUSIONS:
The dual effect of Gramine on the bile acid and sterols cell membrane partitioning activity observed in our study should not be neglected in vivo.
Gramine Description
Source: The herbs of Arundo donax L.
Solvent: Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Storage: Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C).

Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.

Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com

After receiving: The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
ChemFaces New Products and Compounds
Catechin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosid...

Catalog No: CFN95524
CAS No: 65597-47-9
Price: $318/10mg
9,11-Dehydro-beta-boswellic acid

Catalog No: CFN95335
CAS No: 471-65-8
Price: $318/5mg
Pd-C-II

Catalog No: CFN95003
CAS No: N/A
Price: $358/5mg
Rhamnocitrin 3-glucoside

Catalog No: CFN95134
CAS No: 41545-37-3
Price: $318/10mg
1,4-Dihydroxy-2-carbomethoxy-3-pre...

Catalog No: CFN95100
CAS No: 1415729-43-9
Price: $318/10mg
Oxytroflavoside A

Catalog No: CFN95463
CAS No: 1391144-80-1
Price: $318/5mg
Oxyphyllol B

Catalog No: CFN95575
CAS No: 226546-99-2
Price: $/mg
Otobaphenol

Catalog No: CFN95476
CAS No: 10240-16-1
Price: $318/10mg
Recently, ChemFaces products have been cited in many studies from excellent and top scientific journals

Cell. 2018 Jan 11;172(1-2):249-261.e12.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.019.
IF=36.216(2019)

PMID: 29328914

Cell Metab. 2020 Mar 3;31(3):534-548.e5.
doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.01.002.
IF=22.415(2019)

PMID: 32004475

Mol Cell. 2017 Nov 16;68(4):673-685.e6.
doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.10.022.
IF=14.548(2019)

PMID: 29149595

ACS Nano. 2018 Apr 24;12(4): 3385-3396.
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08969.
IF=13.903(2019)

PMID: 29553709

Nature Plants. 2016 Dec 22;3: 16206.
doi: 10.1038/nplants.2016.205.
IF=13.297(2019)

PMID: 28005066

Sci Adv. 2018 Oct 24;4(10): eaat6994.
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aat6994.
IF=12.804(2019)

PMID: 30417089
Calculate Dilution Ratios(Only for Reference)
1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 5.7389 mL 28.6944 mL 57.3888 mL 114.7776 mL 143.472 mL
5 mM 1.1478 mL 5.7389 mL 11.4778 mL 22.9555 mL 28.6944 mL
10 mM 0.5739 mL 2.8694 mL 5.7389 mL 11.4778 mL 14.3472 mL
50 mM 0.1148 mL 0.5739 mL 1.1478 mL 2.2956 mL 2.8694 mL
100 mM 0.0574 mL 0.2869 mL 0.5739 mL 1.1478 mL 1.4347 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's need to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data of the sheet for your reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.
Protocol
Kinase Assay:
Aquat Toxicol. 2009 Feb 19;91(3):262-9.
Gramine-induced growth inhibition, oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa.[Pubmed: 19131120]
In recent years, the exploration and development of the effective methods of treatment and prevention to algal blooms, especially Microcystis aeruginosa blooms has been an important issue in the field of water environment protection. Allelochemicals (natural plant toxins) are considered promising sources of algicides to control algal blooms.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The objective of this study is to determine the inhibitory effects and potential mechanisms of a well-known allelochemical Gramine (N,N-dimethyl-3-amino-methylindole) on bloom-forming cyanobacterium M. aeruginosa. The results showed that this indole alkaloid effectively inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa. The effective concentration causing a 50% inhibition at 3 d (EC(50, 3 d)) increased with the initial algal density (IAD) increasing. When IAD increased from 5x10(4) to 5x10(5)cellsmL(-1), the values of EC(50, 3 d) increased from 0.5 to 2.1mgL(-1). In the cells of M. aeruginosa, Gramine caused an obvious increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The lipid-peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly in Gramine-treated cells. The effects of Gramine on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were in different manners. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased after Gramine exposure. The catalase (CAT) activity was increased after 4h but decreased from 60h. Both the contents and the regeneration rates of ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were increased after 4h of exposure to Gramine. However, only GSH content was still increased after 40h of exposure.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggested that the activation of antioxidants in M. aeruginosa played an important role to resist the stress from Gramine at initial time, the inactivation of SOD is crucial to the growth inhibition of M. aeruginosa by Gramine, and the phytotoxicity of Gramine on M. aeruginosa may be due to oxidative damage via oxidation of ROS.
Trigonelline

Catalog No: CFN90225
CAS No: 535-83-1
Price: $40/20mg
Isoscoparin-2''-Beta-D-glucopyrano...

Catalog No: CFN90900
CAS No: 97605-25-9
Price: $238/5mg
Chikusetsusaponin IVa

Catalog No: CFN92516
CAS No: 51415-02-2
Price: $80/20mg
Brusatol

Catalog No: CFN93119
CAS No: 14907-98-3
Price: $168/20mg
3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic ...

Catalog No: CFN90531
CAS No: 67416-61-9
Price: $80/20mg
Ginsenoside Rg4

Catalog No: CFN90572
CAS No: 126223-28-7
Price: $ / mg
Madecassic acid

Catalog No: CFN99914
CAS No: 18449-41-7
Price: $30/20mg
Testosterone

Catalog No: CFN90034
CAS No: 58-22-0
Price: $40/20mg
Pinocembrin

Catalog No: CFN98740
CAS No: 480-39-7
Price: $40/20mg
Taurocholic acid

Catalog No: CFN96646
CAS No: 81-24-3
Price: $ / mg
Tags: buy Gramine | Gramine supplier | purchase Gramine | Gramine cost | Gramine manufacturer | order Gramine | Gramine distributor