Capillarisin

Capillarisin is a novel blocker of STAT3 activation, can inhibit constitutive and inducible STAT3 activation through induction of SHP-1 and SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatases, thus it may have a potential in negative regulation of growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance of tumor cells.^[1]

Capillarisin suppresses PMA-induced MMP-9 expression through inhibition of the NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity of MMP-9 gene via p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways; capillarisin has no effect on enzymatic activity of MMP-9 and expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2, the major endogenous inhibitors of MMPs; suggests that capillarisin represents a potential anti-metastatic agent suppressing cancer cell invasion through specific inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 gene expression.^[2]

Capillarisin has protective effects on tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage in rat primary hepatocytes.^[3]

Capillarisin function as an antioxidant reduced hepatocyte injury caused by hydrophobic bile acids, perhaps by preventing generation of ROS and release of cytochrome c, thereby minimizing hepatocytes apoptosis; capillarisin has inhibition of in vitro growth of hepatoma cells.^[4,5]

Capillarisin inhibits proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX-2, which is attributed to the suppression of LPS-induced ERK, JNK, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, therefore, CPS potentially inhibits the biomarkers related to inflammation through the abrogation of ERK, JNK, and NF-κB p65 activation, and it may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.^[6]

Capillarisin has anti-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic activities via suppression of inflammatory signaling in animal model.^[7]

[1] Lee J H, Shu Y C, Nam D, et al. Cancer Lett, 2014, 345(1):140-8.

[2] Lee S O, Jeong Y J, Kim M, et al. Biochem Bioph Res Co, 2008, 366(4):1019-24.

[3] Chu C Y, Tseng T H, Hwang J M, et al. Archive Für Toxikologie, 1999, 73(4):263-8.

[4] Yang C C, Lee M R, Hsu S L, et al. J Supercritl Fluid, 2007, 42(1):96-103.

[5] Lee T Y, Chen F Y, Chang H H, et al. Mol Cell Biochem, 2009, 325(1-2):53-9.

[6] Han S, Lee J H, Kim C, et al. Immunopharm Immunot, 2013, 35(1):34-42.

[7] Khan S, Shehzad O, Chun J, et al. J Ethnopharmacol, 2014, 152(3):478-86.

[8] Chen F X. Strait Pharmaceutical Journal, 2007, 19(5):44-6.