| In vivo: |
| Agents Actions. 1991 Mar;32(3-4):283-8. | | Anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by flavonoids.[Pubmed: 1650522] | A group of flavonoids isolated from medicinal plants and which are selective inhibitors of lipoxygenase activity in vitro: Sideritoflavone, cirsiliol, hypolaetin-8-O-beta-D-glucoside, hypolaetin, oroxindin, quercetagetin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, gossypin, hibifolin and gossypetin, besides leucocyanidol, have been studied for their effects on acute responses induced by carrageenin in mice.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The oral administration of flavonoids to mice inhibited dose-dependently the development of paw oedema at 1, 3 and 5 h after carrageenin injection. A similar administration of flavonoids induced a dose-dependent inhibition of leukocyte accumulation in inflammatory exudates following intraperitoneal injection of carrageenin into mice. Some of the flavonoids exhibited a potency against leukocyte infiltration similar to that seen for inhibition of carrageenin oedema at 3 h of induction. In agreement with data reported in rats, indomethacin was much more effective on inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation than on leukocyte infiltration in mice. The selectivity of flavonoids towards lipoxygenase is not retained in vivo since they behave as dual inhibitors of PGE2 and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) formation in peritoneal exudates.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our data support the inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism as one of the mechanisms by which flavonoids exert their anti-inflammatory effects. | | J Nat Prod. 2015 Jan 23;78(1):69-76. | | Methoxyflavones from Stachys glutinosa with binding affinity to opioid receptors: in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies.[Pubmed: 25562563 ] | Fractionation of the bioactive dichloromethane extract from the aerial parts of Stachys glutinosa led to the isolation of four flavones, xanthomicrol (1), Sideritoflavone (2), 8-methoxycirsilineol (3), and eupatilin (4), along with two neo-clerodane diterpenes, roseostachenone (8) and a new compound, 3α,4α-epoxyroseostachenol (7). In order to study structure-activity relationships, two methoxyflavones [5-demethyltangeretin (5) and tangeretin (6)] were synthesized by the methoxylation of xanthomicrol.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The isolated compounds (1-4, 7, and 8) as well as the xanthomicrol semisynthetic derivatives (5 and 6) were evaluated for their binding affinity to the μ and δ opioid receptors. Xanthomicrol was the most potent binder to both μ and δ receptors, with a Ki value of 0.83 and 3.6 μM, respectively. Xanthomicrol administered intraperitoneally in mice at a dose of 80 mg/kg significantly reduced morphine-induced antinociception in the tail flick test. Our results suggested that xanthomicrol is a μ opioid receptor antagonist. Docking experiments were carried out to acquire a deeper understanding about important structural aspects of binding of xanthomicrol.
CONCLUSIONS:
In summary, these data suggest that xanthomicrol is a valuable structure for further development into a potential μ opioid receptor antagonist. |
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