Tetrodotoxin | CAS:4368-28-9 | Manufacturer ChemFaces

Tetrodotoxin

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Description:

Tetrodotoxin, a poison from the puffer fish, at very low concentrations, blocks the action potential production through its selective inhibition of the sodium-carrying mechanism while keeping the potassium-carrying mechanism intact.Modulation of tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated Na+ current (TTX-R INa) is a mechanism for sensitization of mammalian nociceptors.

Targets:

Sodium Channel

In vitro:

Biosens Bioelectron. 2015 Apr 18;71:256-260.

Development of ELISA and colloidal gold immunoassay for tetrodotoxin detetcion based on monoclonal antibody.[Pubmed: 25913446]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
A monoclonal hybridoma cell named 5B9 against Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was obtained after fusion of myeloma SP2/0 cells with spleen cells isolated from the immunized Balb/c mice. The 5B9 monoclonal antibody (McAb) with high affinity (about 2.55 × 10(9)) is specific to TTX, and this McAb belongs to the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype. Finally, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and colloidal gold immunoassay were established based on this McAb. The linear range of ELISA to detect TTX was 5-500 ng/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 4.44 ng/mL. The average CV of intra- and inter-assay was less than 8%, with the samples recovery range of 70.93-99.99%. A competitive format colloidal gold strip was developed for detection of TTX in real samples, and the LOD for TTX is 20 ng/mL, and the assay time of the qualitative test can be finished in less than 10 min without any equipment.
CONCLUSIONS:
The result from test strip revealed that the test strip has a good agreement with those obtained from ELISA.

J Gen Physiol. 1964 May;47:965-74.

TETRODOTOXIN BLOCKAGE OF SODIUM CONDUCTANCE INCREASE IN LOBSTER GIANT AXONS.[Pubmed: 14155438]

Previous studies suggested that Tetrodotoxin, a poison from the puffer fish, blocks conduction of nerve and muscle through its rather selective inhibition of the sodium-carrying mechanism.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In order to verify this hypothesis, observations have been made of sodium and potassium currents in the lobster giant axons treated with Tetrodotoxin by means of the sucrose-gap voltage-clamp technique. Tetrodotoxin at concentrations of 1 x 10 -7 to 5 x 10 -9 gm/ml blocked the action potential but had no effect on the resting potential. Partial or complete recovery might have occurred on washing with normal medium. The increase in sodium conductance normally occurring upon depolarization was very effectively suppressed when the action potential was blocked after Tetrodotoxin, while the delayed increase in potassium conductance underwent no change.
CONCLUSIONS:
It is concluded that Tetrodotoxin, at very low concentrations, blocks the action potential production through its selective inhibition of the sodium-carrying mechanism while keeping the potassium-carrying mechanism intact.

Tetrodotoxin Description

Source:	From Tetraodontidae.
Solvent:	DMSO, Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.
Storage:	Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C). Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com
After receiving:	The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.

Kinase Assay:

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Mar;284(3):958-65.

Potent modulation of tetrodotoxin-sensitive and tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels by the type II pyrethroid deltamethrin.[Pubmed: 9495855]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
In both Tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) and Tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) sodium channels, deltamethrin greatly prolonged the current during step depolarizing pulse and caused a large and prolonged slow tail current. The activation was shifted by 20 mV in the hyperpolarizing direction. These changes in channel kinetics account for the prolongation of action potential, membrane depolarization and spontaneous discharges in the deltamethrin-treated neurons. The slow tail current of TTX-S sodium channels rose and decayed slowly, showing a hook. By contrast, the slow tail current of TTX-R channels occurred quickly upon step repolarization. The slow tail current in deltamethrin-treated cells developed slowly during a depolarizing pulse, with a time constant in the order of several milliseconds. The percentages of sodium channels modified by deltamethrin were measured as a function of the deltamethrin concentration. The EC50 values were 0.53 microM and 0.37 microM for TTX-S and TTX-R sodium channels, respectively. However, when compared at the level of 5% modification, the potency of deltamethrin for TTX-R channels was 40 to 50 times higher than that for TTX-S channels. Deltamethrin-induced large and prolonged tail current was hardly reversed after prolonged washout with drug-free solution. However, after application of tetramethrin, it was converted into a much shorter tail current. Washout with solution devoid of tetramethrin and deltamethrin resulted in rapid reappearance of the deltamethrin-type tail current.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that the deltamethrin and tetramethrin share a binding site on the sodium channel and that the slow onset and offset of deltamethrin action are controlled by the rates at which deltamethrin moves and unbinds from the membrane lipid phase rather than by the rate of deltamethrin binding to the sodium channel site.

Structure Identification:

Org Lett. 2015 Apr 27.

Formal Synthesis of (±)-Tetrodotoxin via the Oxidative Amidation of a Phenol: On the Structure of the Sato Lactone.[Pubmed: 25915710]

A formal total synthesis of (±)-Tetrodotoxin that relies on the bimolecular oxidative amidation of a phenol is described, and a structural correction of the Sato lactone, an important Tetrodotoxin intermediate, is provided. This work lays the foundation for an ultimate enantioselective synthesis.

Product Name	Tetrodotoxin
Price:	$178 / 1mg
CAS No.:	4368-28-9
Catalog No.:	CFN99936
Molecular Formula:	C₁₁H₁₇N₃O₈
Molecular Weight:	319.27 g/mol
Purity:	>=98%
Type of Compound:	Alkaloids
Physical Desc.:	Powder
Source:	From Tetraodontidae.
Solvent:	DMSO, Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.
Download:	COA MSDS SDF Manual
Similar structural:	Comparison
Guestbook:

Size /Price /Stock	10 mM * 100 uL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock 10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
Related Libraries	Toxicity Compound Library Alkaloids Compound Library Sodium Channel Inhibitor Library

	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	20 mg	25 mg
1 mM	3.1321 mL	15.6607 mL	31.3215 mL	62.6429 mL	78.3036 mL
5 mM	0.6264 mL	3.1321 mL	6.2643 mL	12.5286 mL	15.6607 mL
10 mM	0.3132 mL	1.5661 mL	3.1321 mL	6.2643 mL	7.8304 mL
50 mM	0.0626 mL	0.3132 mL	0.6264 mL	1.2529 mL	1.5661 mL
100 mM	0.0313 mL	0.1566 mL	0.3132 mL	0.6264 mL	0.783 mL

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CFN96120	6,7-Dihydroneridienone A	72959-46-7	328.5	C₂₁H₂₈O₃
CFN70465	Manassantin A	88497-87-4	732.9	C₄₂H₅₂O₁₁
CFN90564	(20S)-Protopanaxatriol	34080-08-5	476.4	C₃₀H₅₂O₄