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Aflatoxin G1
Aflatoxin G1
ChemFaces products have been cited in many studies from excellent and top scientific journals
Product Name Aflatoxin G1
Price:
CAS No.: 1165-39-5
Catalog No.: CFN94094
Molecular Formula: C17H12O7
Molecular Weight: 328.27 g/mol
Purity: >=98%
Type of Compound: Phenols
Physical Desc.: Powder
Source: From Aspergillus flavus
Solvent: Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Download: COA    MSDS
Similar structural: Comparison
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Related Screening Libraries
Size /Price /Stock 10 mM * 100 uL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
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Biological Activity
Description: Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1 ), a member of the AF family with cytotoxic and carcinogenic properties, could cause DNA damage in alveolar type II (AT-II) cells and induce lung adenocarcinoma. AFG1 induces TNF-α-dependent lung inflammation, which upregulates CYP2A13 to promote the metabolic activation of AFG1 and enhance oxidative DNA damage in AT-II cells. Dillapiol as a specific inhibitor of aflatoxin G1 production, it inhibited aflatoxin G1 production by Aspergillus parasiticus with an IC50 value of 0.15 microM.
Targets: TNF-α | NF-κB | CYP2A13
In vitro:
Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1967, 13(6):629.
Aflatoxin G1 uptake by cells of Flavobacterium aurantiacum.[Reference: WebLink]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
Aflatoxin G1 was removed from liquid cultures by growing and resting cells of Flavobacterium aurantiacum NRRL B-184. In inoculated culture media containing toxin levels of 7.5 p.p.m. and above, there was a protracted growth lag which was subsequently overcome; toxin removal then occurred, concomitant with growth. Only a few cells demonstrated aberrant morphological forms when cultured in the presence of Aflatoxin G1. A comparison of the effects of Aflatoxin G1 with B1 on growth and morphology showed that B1 was distinctly more toxic.
CONCLUSIONS:
Three hundred and thirty micrograms of Aflatoxin G1 was removed per 1 × 1013 resting cells during a 4-hour incubation period. Preincubation of resting cells with aflatoxin B1 did not interfere with subsequent uptake of G1.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 Sep;71(9):2329-32.
Dillapiol and Apiol as specific inhibitors of the biosynthesis of aflatoxin G1 in Aspergillus parasiticus.[Pubmed: 17827697 ]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
Dillapiol was isolated from the essential oil of dill as a specific inhibitor of Aflatoxin G1 production. It inhibited Aflatoxin G1 production by Aspergillus parasiticus with an IC50 value of 0.15 microM without inhibiting aflatoxin B1 production or fungal growth. Apiol and myristicin, congeners of dillapiol, showed similar activity with IC50 values of 0.24 and 3.5 microM, respectively.
In vivo:
J Cell Physiol. 2019 Jun;234(6):9194-9206.
Aflatoxin G1 induced TNF-α-dependent lung inflammation to enhance DNA damage in alveolar epithelial cells.[Pubmed: 30478833]
Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1 ), a member of the AF family with cytotoxic and carcinogenic properties, could cause DNA damage in alveolar type II (AT-II) cells and induce lung adenocarcinoma. Recently, we found AFG1 could induce chronic lung inflammation associated with oxidative stress in the protumor stage. Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in cigarette smoke or benzo[a]pyrene-induced lung tissues damage. However, it is unclear whether and how AFG1 -induced lung inflammation affects DNA damage in AT-II cells.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In this study, we found increased DNA damage and cytochrome P450 (CYP2A13) expression in AFG1 -induced inflamed lung tissues. Furthermore, we treated the mice with a soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α receptor and AFG1 and found that TNF-α neutralization inhibited the AFG1 -induced chronic lung inflammation in vivo, and then reversed the CYP2A13 expression and DNA damage in AT-II cells. The results suggest that AFG1 induces TNF-α-dependent lung inflammation to regulate 2A13 expression and enhance DNA damage in AT-II cells. Then, we treated the primary mice AT-II cells and human AT-II like cells (A549) with AFG1 and TNF-α and found that TNF-α enhanced the AFG1 -induced DNA damage in mice AT-II cells as well as A549 cells in vitro. In AFG1 -exposed A549 cells, TNF-α-enhanced DNA damage and apoptosis were reversed by CYP2A13 small interfering RNA. Blocking NF-κB pathway inhibited the TNF-α-enhanced CYP2A13 upregulation and DNA damage confirming that the CYP2A13 upregulation by TNF-α plays an essential role in the activation of AFG1 under inflammatory conditions.
CONCLUSIONS:
Taken together, our findings suggest that AFG1 induces TNF-α-dependent lung inflammation, which upregulates CYP2A13 to promote the metabolic activation of AFG1 and enhance oxidative DNA damage in AT-II cells.
Aflatoxin G1 Description
Source: From Aspergillus flavus
Solvent: Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Storage: Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C).

Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.

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After receiving: The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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Recently, ChemFaces products have been cited in many studies from excellent and top scientific journals

Cell. 2018 Jan 11;172(1-2):249-261.e12.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.019.
IF=36.216(2019)

PMID: 29328914

Cell Metab. 2020 Mar 3;31(3):534-548.e5.
doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.01.002.
IF=22.415(2019)

PMID: 32004475

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doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.10.022.
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PMID: 29149595

ACS Nano. 2018 Apr 24;12(4): 3385-3396.
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08969.
IF=13.903(2019)

PMID: 29553709

Nature Plants. 2016 Dec 22;3: 16206.
doi: 10.1038/nplants.2016.205.
IF=13.297(2019)

PMID: 28005066

Sci Adv. 2018 Oct 24;4(10): eaat6994.
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aat6994.
IF=12.804(2019)

PMID: 30417089
Calculate Dilution Ratios(Only for Reference)
1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 3.0463 mL 15.2314 mL 30.4627 mL 60.9255 mL 76.1568 mL
5 mM 0.6093 mL 3.0463 mL 6.0925 mL 12.1851 mL 15.2314 mL
10 mM 0.3046 mL 1.5231 mL 3.0463 mL 6.0925 mL 7.6157 mL
50 mM 0.0609 mL 0.3046 mL 0.6093 mL 1.2185 mL 1.5231 mL
100 mM 0.0305 mL 0.1523 mL 0.3046 mL 0.6093 mL 0.7616 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's need to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data of the sheet for your reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.
Protocol
Structure Identification:
Food Chem. 2019 Aug 29;305:125429.
Multi-mycotoxins analysis in liquid milk by UHPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS after magnetic solid-phase extraction based on PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes.[Pubmed: 31505415]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
A simple and rapid magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method using PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes magnetic nanoparticles (PEG-MWCNTs-MNP) as absorbents is proposed for isolation and enrichment of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), aflatoxin M2 (AFM2), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), zearalanone (ZAN), α-zeralanol (α-ZAL), β-zeralanol (β-ZAL), α-zeralenol (α-ZOL), and β-zeralenol (β-ZOL) from liquid milk.Combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography Q-Exactive high resolution mass spectrometry, simultaneous qualification of these mycotoxins was achieved with sensitivity and specificity. The proposed method showed a good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.995), high sensitivity (limit of detection in the range of 0.005-0.050 μg/kg and limit of quantification in the range of 0.015-0.150 μg/kg), adequate recovery (81.8-106.4%), and good repeatability (intra-day precision in the range of 2.1-8.5% and inter-day precision in the range of 3.9-11.7%).
CONCLUSIONS:
It has been successfully applied to the determination of 13 mycotoxins in real liquid milk samples.
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