| In vitro: |
| Fitoterapia. 2004 Dec;75(7-8):629-33. | | Antiplatelet activity of Varthemia iphionoides.[Pubmed: 15567236] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Aqueous and alcoholic extracts, volatile oil and four flavonoids, xanthomicrol (1), kumatokenin (2), Jaceidin (3) and 3, 3'-di-O-methylquercetin (4), isolated from Varthemia iphionoides were investigated for their in vitro anti-platelet activity. Aqueous extract and compounds (1), (2) and (4) showed anti-platelet activity.
Volatile oil and the alcoholic extract did not exhibit any anti-platelet activity.
CONCLUSIONS:
Structures of the isolated compounds (1)-(4) were determined by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, MS, (1)H-NMR). | | Nat Prod Commun. 2010 May;5(5):729-32. | | Protective effect on human lymphocytes of some flavonoids isolated from two Achillea species.[Pubmed: 20521537] | This study was conducted to elucidate the in vitro protective effect of five flavonoids [apigenin (1), apigenin-7-O-glucoside (2), centaureidin (3), Jaceidin (4) and quercetin (5)] against chromosomal damage in mitogen-induced human lymphocytes.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Using the Cytochalasin-B blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay, in which the biomarker of chromosome breakage and/or chromosome loss is the elevated frequency of micronucleus (MN) in binucleated (BN) cells, the presence of flavonoid 2 in minimal concentration (3 microg/mL) gave a 35.5% decrease in the frequency of MN when compared with control human lymphocytes. The same concentration of flavonoids 1, 3 and 4, reduced the MN frequency by 24.4%, 28.0% and 28.0%, respectively. Higher concentrations (6 microg/mL and 10 microg/mL) seemed less effective. Flavonoid 5 (3 microg/mL) induced a slight decrease in MN frequency (5%), while higher doses (6 microg/mL and 10 microg/mL) provoked an increase of DNA damage. The comparable values for the cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) of the tested flavonoids and positive control suggested an inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation.
CONCLUSIONS:
In the DPPH scavenging assay, flavonoids 1-4 demonstrated modest activity, in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the synthetic antioxidants BHT and Trolox, while 5 exhibited comparably high antioxidative activity. |
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