| In vitro: |
| Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2006,29(12) 2354—2358. | | Metabolism of (-)-Fenchone by CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in Human Liver.[Reference: WebLink] | The in vitro metabolism of (-)-Fenchone was examined in human liver microsomes and recombinant enzymes.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Biotransformation of (-)-Fenchone was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (-)-Fenchone was found to be oxidized to 6-exo-hydroxyfenchone, 6-endo-hydroxyfenchone and 10-hydroxyfenchone by human liver microsomal P450 enzymes. The formation of metabolite of (-)-Fenchone was determined by relative
abundance of mass fragments and retention time with GC.
CONCLUSIONS:
CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in human liver microsomes
were major enzymes involved in the hydroxylation of (-)-Fenchone , based on the following lines of evidence. First, of eleven recombinant human P450 enzymes tested, CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 catalyzed oxidation of (-)-Fenchone. Second, oxidation of (-)-Fenchone was inhibited by thioTEPA, (-)-menthofuran anti-CYP2A6 and antiCYP2B6 antibodies. Finally, there was a good correlation between CYP2A6, CYP2B6 contents and (-)-Fenchone hydroxylation activities in liver microsomes of 8 human samples. | | Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1991, 17(10):2003-2019. | | Volatile compounds in the larval frass ofDendroctonus valens andDendroctonus micans (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in relation to oviposition by the predator,Rhizophagus grandis (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae).[Reference: WebLink] | During a laboratory study evaluatingRhizophagus grandis (a specific native predator of the Eurasian bark beetle,Dendroctonus micans), as a potential biocontrol agent against the North American bark beetle,Dendroctonus valens, it was found that feeding larvae and laboratory-produced frass of the potential prey elicited very high oviposition responses in the predator.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Comparative chemical analysis of this laboratory-produced larval frass revealed that one major volatile compound, (-)-Fenchone, is associated with the larvae of bothDendroctonus species.D. micans also generated pinocamphone while oxygenated monoterpenes in the frass ofD. valens were camphor,cis-4-thujanol, fenchol, terpinen-4-ol, myrtenal, pinocarvone, borneol, verbenone, piperitone, campholenaldehyde,trans-myrtanol,cis-myrtanol,p-cymen-8-ol and 5-oxo-camphor. This range of prey-produced compounds with a possible biological effect onR. grandis was narrowed down subsequent to comparative analysis of field-collected larval frass. (-)-Fenchone, pinocamphone, camphor, terpinen-4-ol, borneol, fenchol, and verbenone were found to be common to both prey species. A mixture of these seven components was tested in a bioassay, where it elicited as much oviposition as did larval frass of D. micans.
CONCLUSIONS:
The oviposition stimulants forR. grandis are thus clearly among the mixture's constituents. |
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