| Description: |
Thiamine hydrochloride is an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols, it has prophylactic potential on lead induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamine hydrochloride complex as a new anti-diabetic candidate. |
| Targets: |
Dopamine Receptor |
| In vitro: |
| Nahrung. 2002 Aug;46(4):256-7. | | Effect of thiamine hydrochloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride and calcium-d-pantothenate on the patulin content of apple juice concentrate.[Pubmed: 12224421] | Thiamine hydrochloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride and calcium-d-pantothenate were applied apple juice concentrates (AJC) at various doses in order to reduce the patulin content.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
AJC samples containing high levels of patulin were stored at 22 +/- 2 degrees C and 4 degrees C for 6 months after vitamins were added. Patulin was fully degraded at the end of a 6-month period in samples stored at 22 +/- 2 degrees C, on the other hand, other quality parameters diminished significantly. Without any considerable reduction on other quality parameters, applications of 1000 and 2500 mg/kg calcium-d-pantothenate resulted in reduction of patulin of 73.6 and 94.3%, respectively, however, 42.1% of patulin reduction was observed in the control sample of AJC stored for 1 month at 22 +/- 2 degrees C. Addition of Thiamine hydrochloride (1000 mg/kg), pyrodoxine hydrochloride (625 or 875 mg/kg) and calcium-d-pantothenate (1000 or 2500 mg/kg) into the samples and storage at 4 degrees C for 6 months yielded 55.5 to 67.7% of patulin reduction which was only 35.8% for the control while the other quality parameters were protected adequately. |
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| In vivo: |
| J Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Jun;54(6):688-95. | | Pharmacokinetic study of benfotiamine and the bioavailability assessment compared to thiamine hydrochloride.[Pubmed: 24399744] | Benfotiamine is a lipid-soluble thiamine precursor which can transform to thiamine in vivo and subsequently be metabolized to thiamine monophosphate (TMP) and thiamine diphosphate (TDP).
METHODS AND RESULTS:
This study investigated the pharmacokinetic profiles of thiamine and its phosphorylated metabolites after single- and multiple-dose administration of benfotiamine in healthy Chinese volunteers, and assessed the bioavailability of orally benfotiamine administration compared to Thiamine hydrochloride. Compared to Thiamine hydrochloride, the bioavailability of thiamine in plasma and TDP in erythrocyte after oral administration of benfotiamine were 1147.3 ± 490.3% and 195.8 ± 33.8%, respectively.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The absorption rate and extent of benfotiamine systemic availability of thiamine were significantly increased indicating higher bioavailability of thiamine from oral dose of benfotiamine compared to oral dose of Thiamine hydrochloride.
| | Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2015 Mar 26. | | Synthesis, characterization, and efficacy evaluation of a new anti-diabetic vanadyl(II) thiamine hydrochloride complex in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.[Pubmed: 25816395] | Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to abnormalities in either insulin secretion or action. A range of vanadium complexes have been synthesized and demonstrated to be effective in lowering hyperglycemia. Thiamine administration was also reported to prevent deterioration in fasting glucose and insulin levels, and to improve glucose tolerance in hyperglycemic patients.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
This study has been conducted to evaluate the ionic vanadyl(II) Thiamine hydrochloride complex (VC) as a new anti-diabetic candidate. The new complex was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility, electron spin resonance (ESR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The anti-diabetic effect of VC was investigated in comparison to vanadium sulfate in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with VC versus vanadyl sulfate showed a more potent effect on reducing serum glucose and cholesterol close to normal levels. VC suppressed the diabetes-induced upregulation of hepatic glucose transporter (GLUT)-2, Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) more significantly than vanadyl sulfate. Either vanadyl sulfate or VC restored hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c) and muscle hexokinase (HK) mRNA expression that was downregulated in diabetic group. Pyruvate kinase (PK) mRNA expression was restored more significantly in VC-treated than vanadyl sulfate-treated diabetic rats.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results indicate that the newly synthesized VC could be an effective anti-diabetic candidate as the anti-diabetic activity of the ionic vanadium was enhanced after being modified with the organic ligand, thiamin. The results also suggest that VC achieves its effect most likely through modulating the transcription of energy metabolizing enzymes.
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