| In vitro: |
| Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Jul 21;15(7):12861-84. | | 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid attenuated inflammation and edema via suppressing HIF-1α in seawater aspiration-induced lung injury in rats.[Pubmed: 25050781] | 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA) is an active component of Chinese herb Aster tataricus which had been widely used in China for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid on seawater aspiration-induced lung injury. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) siRNA and permeability assay were used to study the effect of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid on the production of inflammatory cytokines and monolayer permeability in vitro. The results showed that 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid reduced seawater instillation-induced mortality in rats. In lung tissues, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid attenuated hypoxia, inflammation, vascular leak, and edema, and decreased HIF-1α protein level. In primary rat alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid decreased hypertonicity- and hypoxia-induced HIF-1α protein levels through inhibiting the activations of protein translational regulators and via promoting HIF-1α protein degradation. In addition, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid lowered inflammatory cytokines levels through suppressing hypertonicity- and hypoxia-induced HIF-1α in NR8383 macrophages. Moreover, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid decreased monolayer permeability through suppressing hypertonicity and hypoxia-induced HIF-1α, which was mediated by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rat lung microvascular endothelial cell line (RLMVEC).
CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid attenuated inflammation and edema through suppressing hypertonic and hypoxic induction of HIF-1α in seawater aspiration-induced lung injury in rats. | | Z Naturforsch C. 2011 Jan-Feb;66(1-2):31-4. | | Nematicidal activities of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and oidiolactone D produced by the fungus Oidiodendron sp.[Pubmed: 21476434] |
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Two nematicides, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA) (1) and oidiolactone D (2), were isolated from cultures of the fungus Oidiodendron sp., and their structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses. Compound 2 showed nematicidal activities against the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, and the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.
CONCLUSIONS:
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid was also active against these two nematodes but to a lesser extent. |
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