Phloretin | CAS:60-82-2 | Manufacturer ChemFaces

Phloretin

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Description:

Phloretin may potentially be an immunomodulator by impairing the activation and function of DCs, it is effective in preventing estrogen deficiency-induced osteoclastogenic resorption. Phloretin has antimicrobial activity against the Gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311. It has a wide spectrum of targets including ASK-1-MAPK, Smac, capase.

Targets:

NF-kB | Bcl-2/Bax | Caspase | JNK | p38MAPK | ERK | ASK | TLR | ROS | gp120/CD4 | IFN-γ

In vitro:

Food Chem. 2014 Oct 1;160:292-7.

Biochemical and antimicrobial activity of phloretin and its glycosilated derivatives present in apple and kumquat.[Pubmed: 24799241]

Phloretin and its glycosylated derivatives (phlorizin and Phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside) are dihydrochalcones that have many interesting biological properties.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The results obtained showed that the dihydrochalcones are able to inhibit growth of Gram positive bacteria, in particular Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus clinical strains. Moreover, Phloretin is active also against the Gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311.
CONCLUSIONS:
The determination of the enzymatic activity of key metabolic enzymes allowed us to shed some light on the biochemical mechanism of aglycon cell growth inhibition, showing as it remarkably influences the energetic metabolism of S. aureus. In addition, structure/activity determinations highlighted that the presence of a glycosyl moiety bound to the chalcone structure dramatically decreases the antimicrobial activity of Phloretin.

In vivo:

Phytomedicine. 2014 Sep 15;21(10):1208-15.

Phloretin promotes osteoclast apoptosis in murine macrophages and inhibits estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis in mice. [Pubmed: 24932975]

Bone-remodeling imbalance induced by increased osteoclast formation and bone resorption is known to cause skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis. The reduction of estrogen levels at menopause is one of the strongest risk factors developing postmenopausal osteoporosis.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
This study investigated osteoprotective effects of the dihydrochalcone Phloretin found in apple tree leaves on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6 female mice as a model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. OVX demoted bone mineral density (BMD) of mouse femurs, reduced serum 17β-estradiol level and enhanced serum receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin ratio with uterine atrophy. Oral administration of 10 mg/kg Phloretin to OVX mice for 8 weeks improved such effects, compared to sham-operated mice. Phloretin attenuated TRAP activity and cellular expression of β3 integrin and carbonic anhydrase II augmented in femoral bone tissues of OVX mice. This study further examined that osteogenic activity of Phloretin in RANKL-differentiated Raw 264.7 macrophages into mature osteoclasts. Phloretin at 1-20 μM stimulated Smac expression and capase-3 activation concurrently with nuclear fragmentation of multi-nucleated osteoclasts, indicating that this compound promoted osteoclast apoptosis. Consistently, Phloretin enhanced bcl-2 induction but diminished bax expression. Furthermore, Phloretin activated ASK-1-diverged JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in mature osteoclasts, whereas it dose-dependently inhibited the RANKL-stimulated activation of ERK.
CONCLUSIONS:
Therefore, Phloretin manipulated ASK-1-MAPK signal transduction leading to transcription of apoptotic genes. Phloretin was effective in preventing estrogen deficiency-induced osteoclastogenic resorption.

Phloretin Description

Source:	The peels of apple.
Solvent:	Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Storage:	Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C). Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com
After receiving:	The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.

Cell Research:

Food Funct. 2014 May;5(5):997-1006.

Immunomodulation of phloretin by impairing dendritic cell activation and function.[Pubmed: 24651121]

Dietary compounds in fruits and vegetables have been shown to exert many biological activities. In addition to antioxidant effects, a number of flavonoids are able to modulate inflammatory responses.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Here, we demonstrated that Phloretin (PT), a natural dihydrochalcone found in many fruits, suppressed the activation and function of mouse dendritic cells (DCs). Phloretin disturbed the multiple intracellular signaling pathways in DCs induced by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), including ROS, MAPKs (ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK), and NF-κB, and thereby reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Phloretin also effectively suppressed the activation of DCs treated with different dosages of LPS or various TLR agonists. The LPS-induced DC maturation was attenuated by Phloretin because the expression levels of the MHC class II and the co-stimulatory molecules were down-regulated, which then inhibited the LPS-stimulating DCs and the subsequent naïve T cell activation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Moreover, in vivo administration of Phloretin suppressed the phenotypic maturation of the LPS-challenged splenic DCs and decreased the IFN-γ production from the activated CD4 T cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
Thus, we suggest that Phloretin may potentially be an immunomodulator by impairing the activation and function of DCs and Phloretin-contained fruits may be helpful in the improvement of inflammation and autoimmune diseases.

Product Name	Phloretin
Price:	$40 / 20mg
CAS No.:	60-82-2
Catalog No.:	CFN97040
Molecular Formula:	C₁₅H₁₄O₅
Molecular Weight:	274.3 g/mol
Purity:	>=98%
Type of Compound:	Chalcones
Physical Desc.:	Powder
Source:	The peels of apple.
Solvent:	Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Download:	COA MSDS SDF
Similar structural:	Comparison (Web) (SDF)
Guestbook:

Size /Price /Stock	10 mM * 100 uL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock 10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
Related Libraries	Antibacterial Compound Library Immunomodulators Compound Library Bone metabolic diseases Compound Library Chalcones Compound Library TLR Inhibitor Library ROS Inhibitor Library p38MAPK Inhibitor Library NF-kB Inhibitor Library JNK Inhibitor Library IFN-γ Inhibitor Library gp120/CD4 Inhibitor Library ERK Inhibitor Library Caspase Inhibitor Library Bcl-2/Bax Inhibitor Library ASK Inhibitor Library

	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	20 mg	25 mg
1 mM	3.6456 mL	18.2282 mL	36.4564 mL	72.9129 mL	91.1411 mL
5 mM	0.7291 mL	3.6456 mL	7.2913 mL	14.5826 mL	18.2282 mL
10 mM	0.3646 mL	1.8228 mL	3.6456 mL	7.2913 mL	9.1141 mL
50 mM	0.0729 mL	0.3646 mL	0.7291 mL	1.4583 mL	1.8228 mL
100 mM	0.0365 mL	0.1823 mL	0.3646 mL	0.7291 mL	0.9114 mL

CFN91680	2'-O-Methylphloretin (4,2',4'-Trihydroxy-6'-methoxydihydrochalcone)	111316-17-7	288.3	C₁₆H₁₆O₅
CFN97065	Helichrysetin	62014-87-3	286.3	C₁₆H₁₄O₅
CFN97962	2,4-Dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone	75679-58-2	302.3	C₁₇H₁₈O₅
CFN70304	2',6'-Dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxychalcone	20621-49-2	300.3	C₁₇H₁₆O₅
CFN96080	4-O-Methylhelichrysetin	56121-44-9	300.3	C₁₇H₁₆O₅
CFN97920	2'-O-Methylhelichrysetin	123316-64-3	300.3	C₁₇H₁₆O₅
CFN90741	Flavokawain C	56798-34-6	300.3	C₁₇H₁₆O₅
CFN98446	Flavokawain A	3420-72-2	314.3	C₁₈H₁₈O₅
CFN91683	2',4',6',4-Tetramethoxychalcone	94103-36-3	328.4	C₁₉H₂₀O₅
CFN99015	2',4'-Dihydroxy-2,3',6'-trimethoxychalcone	100079-39-8	330.3	C₁₈H₁₈O₆