Ginkgolide B | CAS:15291-77-7 | Manufacturer ChemFaces

Ginkgolide B

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Description:

Ginkgolide B has potent neuroprotective, anti-arrhythmias, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, it might be a promising drug on inhibiting platelet function and reducing inflammation in atherosclerosis.Ginkgolide B retards the proliferation and development of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and blastocysts in vitro and causes developmental injury in vivo.

Targets:

p38MAPK | IkB | Syk | Calcium Channel | LDL | Nrf2 | Akt | JNK | MMP(e.g.TIMP) | Caspase | NF-kB | TNF-α | NOS | p53 | Bcl-2/Bax | IKK

In vivo:

Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2015 Mar;34(1):53-60.

Inhibitory effects of the platelet-activating factor receptor antagonists, CV-3988 and Ginkgolide B, on alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization.[Pubmed: 24754407]

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been found in various ocular tissues; the activity of PAF depends on the binding to its specific receptor, PAF-receptor. We investigated the therapeutic effects of PAF-receptor antagonists (CV-3988 and Ginkgolide B) on alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV).
METHODS AND RESULTS:
CNV was induced by applying a 0.2 N sodium hydroxide (3 µl, NaOH) solution directly on mice corneas. CV-3988 (1 mM/10 µl) and Ginkgolide B (1 mM/10 µl) were administered topically on the corneas three times daily for three consecutive days. CNV was evaluated under a slit-lamp microscope. Corneas were processed for histological, immunohistochemical and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used for the migration and tube formation assay. Application of CV-3988 and Ginkgolide B inhibited CNV caused by alkali burn. CV-3988 and Ginkgolide B attenuated the expression of PAF-receptor mRNA. Alkali injury induced a massively increased intraocular mRNA expression of an angiogenic factor in cornea tissues, whereas these increments were attenuated by the application of CV-3988 and Ginkgolide B.
CONCLUSIONS:
CV-3988 and Ginkgolide B reversed opacity and neovascularization in alkali burn-induced corneas. Our findings suggest that CV-3988 and Ginkgolide B may be therapeutically useful in the treatment of CNV and inflammation.

Eur J Pharmacol. 1989 May 19;164(2):293-302.

Ginkgolide B protects isolated hearts against arrhythmias induced by ischemia but not reperfusion.[Pubmed: 2759177]

The effect of Ginkgolide B (BN 52021), a specific platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist, applied in doses of 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 X 10(-5) and 1.2 X 10(-4) mol/l, in comparison to that of metoprolol (10(-5) mol/l) and diltiazem (10(-7) mol/l), two widely used antiarrhythmic agents, on ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and heart functions, such as heart rate (HR), coronary flow (CF), aortic flow (AF), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), its first derivative (LVdp/dtmax), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in isolated working rat hearts was examined.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
BN 52021 caused a dose-related protection against dysrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and premature ventricular beats induced by ischemia (30 min ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery). The antiarrhythmic effect of BN 52021 given in a dose of 6.0 X 10(-5) mol/l was comparable to that of diltiazem and superior to the activity of metoprolol. None of the drugs influenced reperfusion-induced rhythm disturbances. BN 52021 did not alter heart functions, while metoprolol reduced (LVEDP only, and diltiazem increased CF, decreased AF, LVDP, and LVdp/dtmax during regional ischemia, indicating a negative inotropic effect. The antiarrhythmic effect of BN 52021 appears to be related to an antagonism of an increase in slow calcium influx induced by PAF in myocardial cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
Similarly to the mechanism of action of established antiarrhythmic drugs, BN 52021 can presumably prevent the re-entry mechanism involved in the development of ischemia-induced rhythm disturbances.

Kinase Assay:

Thromb Res. 2014 Nov;134(5):1066-73.

Ginkgolide B inhibits platelet release by blocking Syk and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in thrombin-stimulated platelets.[Pubmed: 25223809]

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease. Platelets play a critic role in the initiation of vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Ginkgolide B on the inhibition of platelet release and the potential mechanisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Experiments were performed in freshly human platelets. Platelet aggregation and ATP release were measured with a Lumi-aggregometer. Thrombin (0.5 U/ml) was used to induce platelet activation. Protein expression and phosphorylation was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS: The results showed that Ginkgolide B significantly suppressed ATP release by 50.8% in thrombin-activated platelets. Ginkgolide B completely abolished the expression of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and CD40 Ligand (CD40L). Moreover, Ginkgolide B fully attenuated the phosphorylation of Syk and p38MAPK. Similarly, R788 (a syk inhibitor) and SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) inhibited the expression PF4 and CD40L, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of low concentrations of Ginkgolide B and R788 or SB203580 has synergistic inhibition on the expression of PF4 and CD40L. Ginkgolide B partially reduced calcium efflux by 52.7% in thrombin-stimulated platelets.
CONCLUSIONS:
Ginkgolide B potently inhibited the expression of PF4 and CD40L in thrombin-activated platelets. Ginkgolide B partially decreased ATP release and Ca(2+) efflux. The mechanism might be associated with the inhibition of Syk and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. These results demonstrated that Ginkgolide B might be a promising drug on inhibiting platelet function and reducing inflammation in atherosclerosis.

PLoS One. 2013 Sep 17;8(9):e74769.

Ginkgolide B reduces LOX-1 expression by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and increasing Sirt1 expression in oxidized LDL-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells.[Pubmed: 24069345]

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is an important risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis. LOX-1, a lectin-like receptor for ox-LDL, is present primarily on endothelial cells and upregulated by ox-LDL, tumor necrosis factor a, shear stress, and cytokines in atherosclerosis. Recent studies demonstrated that Ginkgolide B, a platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist, has antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects on endothelial and nerve cells.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The present study investigated the effects of Ginkgolide B on LOX-1 expression and the possible mechanism of action. Our results showed that Ginkgolide B inhibited LOX-1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in ox-LDL-stimulated endothelial cells through a mechanism associated with the attenuation of Akt activation. Similar data were obtained by silencing Akt and LY294002. We also evaluated Sirt1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. These molecules play a protective role in endothelial cell injury. The results showed that Ginkgolide B increased Sirt1 expression in ox-LDL-treated cells. The inhibitory effects of Ginkgolide B on LOX-1 and ICAM-1 expression were reduced in Sirt1 siRNA-transfected cells. Nrf2 expression was increased in ox-LDL-treated cells, and Ginkgolide B downregulated Nrf2 expression. These results suggest that Ginkgolide B reduces Nrf2 expression by inhibiting LOX-1 expression, consequently reducing oxidative stress injury in ox-LDL-stimulated cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
Altogether, these results indicate that the protective effect of Ginkgolide B on endothelial cells may be attributable to a decrease in LOX-1 expression and an increase in Sirt1 expression in ox-LDL-stimulated endothelial cells, the mechanism of which is linked to the inhibition of Akt activation. Ginkgolide B may be a multiple-target drug that exerts protective effects in ox-LDL-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Eur J Pharm Sci. 2012 Nov 20;47(4):652-60.

Inhibition of NF-κB activation is associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of Ginkgolide B in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.[Pubmed: 22850444 ]

Ginkgolide B (GB) has potent neuroprotective effects against ischemia-induced brain injury in vivo and in vitro. However, the underlying mechanisms of GB's neuroprotection remain poorly understood. Excessive inflammation and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage, and NF-κB is considered to be a key player in these processes.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In the present study, we examined the detailed mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of GB on inflammatory and apoptotic responses induced by focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model was produced by using an intraluminal filament technique in mice. GB (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) was administered intravenously (i.v.) 2h after MCAO. The results demonstrated that MCAO-induced cerebral injury was associated with an upregulation of p-IKK, p-IκB-α and degradation of IκB-α, indicating of NF-κB activation. Meanwhile activation of microglial and increases in levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS were observed. Furthermore upregulation of the expression of NF-κB target gene p53 and p53 downstream gene Bax, but downregulation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspase-3 were found. GB treatment showed marked reduction in infarction volume, brain edema and neurological deficits. GB also inhibited I/R induced NF-κB, microglia activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also demonstrated that GB reduced Bax protein levels and increased Bcl-2 protein levels in the post-ischemic brains.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that GB's neuroprotection is attributable to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect through inhibition of NF-κB.

Cell Research:

Hum Reprod. 2006 Nov;21(11):2985-95.

Ginkgolide B induces apoptosis and developmental injury in mouse embryonic stem cells and blastocysts.[Pubmed: 16877372 ]

Ginkgolide B, the major active component of Ginkgo biloba extracts, can both stimulate and inhibit apoptotic signalling. We previously showed that ginkgolide treatment of mouse blastocysts induces apoptosis, decreases cell numbers, retards early post-implantation blastocyst development and increases early-stage blastocyst death. Here, we report more detailed examinations of the cytotoxic effects of Ginkgolide B on mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and blastocysts and their subsequent development in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Using cell culture assay model, we revealed in our results that Ginkgolide B treatment of ESCs (ESC-B5) induced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, an in vitro assay model showed that Ginkgolide B treatment inhibited cell proliferation and growth in mouse blastocysts. Finally, an in vivo model showed that treatment with 10 microM Ginkgolide B caused resorption of post-implantation blastocysts and fetal weight loss.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results reveal for the first time that Ginkgolide B retards the proliferation and development of mouse ESCs and blastocysts in vitro and causes developmental injury in vivo.

Animal Research:

Croat Med J. 2015 Feb;56(1):4-13.

Ginkgolide B increases hydrogen sulfide and protects against endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats.[Pubmed: 25727037]

To evaluate the effect of Ginkgolide B treatment on vascular endothelial function in diabetic rats.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
The study included four groups with 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats: control group; control group treated with Ginkgolide B; diabetic group; and diabetic treated with Ginkgolide B. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde content, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) protein expression were determined in aortic tissues. Vasoconstriction to phenylephrine (PHE) and vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were assessed in aortic rings. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were measured, as well as cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β synthetase (CBS) protein expression, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Diabetes significantly impaired PHE-induced vasoconstriction and Ach-induced vasorelaxation (P<0.001), reduced NO bioavailability and H2S production (P<0.001), SOD activity, and GPX1 protein expression (P<0.001), and increased malondialdehyde content and NADPH oxidase subunits, and CSE and CBS protein expression (P<0.001). Ginkgolide B treatment improved PHE vasoconstriction and Ach vasorelaxation (P<0.001), restored SOD (P=0.005) and eNOS (P<0.001) activities, H2S production (P=0.044) and decreased malondialdehyde content (P=0.014). Vasorelaxation to SNP was not signiﬁcantly different in control and diabetic rats with or without Ginkgolide B treatment. Besides, Ginkgolide B increased GPX1 protein expression and reduced NADPH oxidase subunits, CBS and CSE protein expression.
CONCLUSIONS:
Ginkgolide B alleviates endothelial dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress and elevating NO bioavailability and H2S production in diabetic rats.

Product Name	Ginkgolide B
Price:	$40 / 20mg
CAS No.:	15291-77-7
Catalog No.:	CFN99640
Molecular Formula:	C₂₀H₂₄O₁₀
Molecular Weight:	424.4 g/mol
Purity:	>=98%
Type of Compound:	Diterpenoids
Physical Desc.:	Powder
Source:	The leaves of Ginkgo biloba L.
Solvent:	Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Download:	COA MSDS SDF Manual
Similar structural:	Comparison (Web) (SDF)
Guestbook:

Source:	The leaves of Ginkgo biloba L.
Solvent:	Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Storage:	Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C). Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com
After receiving:	The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.

	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	20 mg	25 mg
1 mM	2.3563 mL	11.7813 mL	23.5627 mL	47.1254 mL	58.9067 mL
5 mM	0.4713 mL	2.3563 mL	4.7125 mL	9.4251 mL	11.7813 mL
10 mM	0.2356 mL	1.1781 mL	2.3563 mL	4.7125 mL	5.8907 mL
50 mM	0.0471 mL	0.2356 mL	0.4713 mL	0.9425 mL	1.1781 mL
100 mM	0.0236 mL	0.1178 mL	0.2356 mL	0.4713 mL	0.5891 mL

CFN99049	Itol A	1033747-78-2	368.5	C₂₀H₃₂O₆
CFN99638	Ginkgolide A	15291-75-5	408.4	C₂₀H₂₄O₉
CFN99149	Ginkgolide J	107438-79-9	424.40	C₂₀H₂₄O₁₀
CFN99640	Ginkgolide B	15291-77-7	424.4	C₂₀H₂₄O₁₀
CFN99639	Ginkgolide C	15291-76-6	440.4	C₂₀H₂₄O₁₁
CFN91009	Ginkgolide K	153355-70-5	406.4	C₂₀H₂₂O₉
CFN96287	Gopherenediol	916236-79-8	306.5	C₂₀H₃₄O₂
CFN90674	Rhodojaponin II	26116-89-2	410.51	C₂₂H₃₄O₇
CFN90673	Rhodojaponin III	26342-66-5	368.47	C₂₀H₃₂O₆
CFN90670	Rhodojaponin V	37720-86-8	410.5	C₂₂H₃₄O₇