| In vitro: |
| Arch Pharm Res . 2017 Apr;40(4):524-535. | | Methyl caffeate and some plant constituents inhibit age-related inflammation: effects on senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) formation[Pubmed: 28299617] | | During aging, cells secrete molecules called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). They constitute chronic low-grade inflammation environment to adjacent cells and tissues. In order to find inhibiting agents of SASP formation, 113 plant constituents were incubated with BJ fibroblasts for 6 days after treatment with bleomycin. Several plant constituents showed considerable inhibition of IL-6 production, a representative SASP marker. These plant constituents included anthraquinones such as aurantio-obtusin, flavonoids including astragalin, Iristectorigenin A, iristectorigenin B, linarin, lignans including lariciresinol 9-O-glucoside and eleutheroside E, phenylpropanoids such as caffeic acid and methyl caffeate, steroid (ophiopogonin), and others like centauroside, rhoifolin and scoparone. In particular, methyl caffeate down-regulated SASP factors such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, CXCL1, MCP-2, and MMP-3. Inhibition of these SASP mRNA expression levels also coincided with the reduction of IκBζ expression and NF-κB p65 activation without affecting the expression levels of senescence markers, p21 or pRb. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that methyl caffeate might be a specific and strong inhibitor of SASP production without affecting the aging process. Its action mechanisms involve the reduction of IκBζ expression and NF-κB p65 activation. Therefore, this compound might be effective in alleviating chronic low-grade inflammation linked to age-related degenerative disorders. | | Phytomedicine . 2014 Sep 15;21(10):1202-1207. | | Phytomedicine . 2014 Sep 15;21(10):1202-7. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.04.007. Epub 2014 May 28. Hepatoprotective activity of LC-ESI-MS standardized Iris spuria rhizome extract on its main bioactive constituents[Pubmed: 24877715] | | The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Iris spuria against paracetamol induced toxicity at two different doses 100 and 200 mg/kg. The extract showed significant protective activity (p>0.01) at both the doses in dose dependent manner. Administration of the plant extract restored the paracetamol induced elevated levels of serum marker and distorted hepatic tissue architecture. The lipid peroxides (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels were also restored towards normal in liver tissue significantly. The main chemical constituents of the extract identified by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MSMS) were found to be flavones and isoflavonoids. Tectoridin and Iristectorigenin A were the principal compounds present in the methanolic extract of Iris spuria. | | Arch Pharm Res . 1999 Feb;22(1):18-24 | | Inhibition of cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase from human platelets by polyhydroxylated/methoxylated flavonoids isolated from medicinal plants[Pubmed: 10071954] | | Various flavonoid derivatives were previously reported to possess the inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase. And these properties of flavonoids might contribute to their anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. In this study, several polyhydroxylated/methoxylated flavonoid derivatives such as oroxylin A, wogonin, skullcapflavone II, tectorigenin and Iristectorigenin A were isolated from the medicinal plants. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase from the homogenate of human platelets in vitro. It was found that isoflavones including daidzein and tectorigenin possessed the inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase, although the potency of inhibition was far less than that of indomethacin. In addition, oroxylin A, baicalein and wogonin inhibited 12-lipoxygenase activity without affecting cyclooxygenase, which suggested that 5,6,7- or 5,7,8-trisubstitutions of A-ring of flavone gave favorable results. The IC50 values of oroxylin A and NDGA against 12-lipoxygenase were found to be 100 and 1.5 microM, respectively. |
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