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Rosmarinine
Rosmarinine
ChemFaces products have been cited in many studies from excellent and top scientific journals
Product Name Rosmarinine
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CAS No.: 520-65-0
Catalog No.: CFN00412
Molecular Formula: C18H27NO6
Molecular Weight: 353.41 g/mol
Purity: >=98%
Type of Compound: Alkaloids
Physical Desc.: Powder
Source: The herbs of Senecio pleistocephalus
Solvent: Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Download: COA    MSDS    SDF
Similar structural: Comparison (Web)  (SDF)
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Biological Activity
Description: Rosmarinine shows toxic activity against neonate first instar larvae of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (maize pest) when tested at 10, 50 and 100 ppm. The negative transformation response observed for the non-carcinogenic alkaloid Rosmarinine establishes that the carcinogenic alkaloids are inducing transformation rather than simply selecting for spontaneous transformants.
In vitro:
Phytochemistry. 2014 Dec;108:137-46.
Diversity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in native and invasive Senecio pterophorus (Asteraceae): implications for toxicity.[Pubmed: 25269662]
Changes in plant chemical defenses after invasion could have consequences on the invaded ecosystems by modifying the interactions between plants and herbivores and facilitating invasion success. However, no comprehensive biogeographical studies have yet determined the phenotypic levels of plant chemical defenses, as consumed by local herbivores, covering large distributional areas of a species. Senecio pterophorus is a perennial shrub native to Eastern South Africa, expanded into Western South Africa and introduced into Australia and Europe. As other Asteraceae, S. pterophorus contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) toxic to vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
Here we analyzed S. pterophorus PAs by LC-MS/MS on foliage sampled across its entire distributional range, including the native and all non-native areas. PA concentrations and diversity was very high: we found 57 compounds belonging to 6 distinct necine base-types, including the highly toxic 1,2-unsaturated PAs (retronecine and otonecines) and the less toxic 1,2-saturated PAs (platynecine and rosmarinecines). Plants from different origins diverged in their PA absolute and relative concentrations. Rosmarinine was the most abundant compound in Australia and South Africa, but it was nearly absent in Europe. We characterized three plant chemotypes: retrorsine-senkirkine chemotype in Eastern South Africa, Rosmarinine chemotype in Australia and Western South Africa, and acetylseneciphylline chemotype in Europe. PA absolute concentrations were highest in Australia.
CONCLUSIONS:
The increased absolute and relative concentrations of retronecine PAs from Australia and Europe, respectively, indicate that S. pterophorus is potentially more toxic in the invasive range than in the native range.
Carcinogenesis. 1980 Feb;1(2):161-4.
Evaluation in vitro of several pyrrolizidine alkaloid carcinogens: observations on the essential pyrrolic nucleus.[Pubmed: 22282996]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
Two hepatocarcinogenic alkaloids (retrorsine and monocrotaline) and one synthetic analogue (synthanecine A bis-N-ethylcarbamate) gave positive results while a non-toxic alkaloid (Rosmarinine) was negative in the test. Positive results were also given by dehydroretronecine, a secondary pyrrolic alkaloid metabolite, and the closely related synthetic compound 2,3-bishydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrrole. These observations lend support to the hypothesis that a simple alkylating pyrrole is the biologically active chemical agent derived from these alkaloids. The negative transformation response observed for the non-carcinogenic alkaloid Rosmarinine establishes that the carcinogenic alkaloids are inducing transformation rather than simply selecting for spontaneous transformants.
CONCLUSIONS:
The mammalian-derived cells used in this study, unlike S. typhimurium, were capable of activating retrorsine in the absence of an auxiliary source of metabolising enzymes (S-9 mix).
Revista Latinoamericana De Química, 2000 :27-30.
Insecticidal effect of the alkaloid rosmarinine on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae.[Reference: WebLink]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
Rosmarinine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from Senecio callosus stems, leaves and flowers, showed toxic activity against neonate first instar larvae of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (maize pest) when tested at 10, 50 and 100 ppm.
CONCLUSIONS:
The alkaloid did not modify significantly the life cycle of S. frugiperda and did not demonstrated antifeedant activity.
Rosmarinine Description
Source: The herbs of Senecio pleistocephalus
Solvent: Chloroform, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, DMSO, Acetone, etc.
Storage: Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C).

Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.

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After receiving: The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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Recently, ChemFaces products have been cited in many studies from excellent and top scientific journals

Cell. 2018 Jan 11;172(1-2):249-261.e12.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.019.
IF=36.216(2019)

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doi: 10.1038/nplants.2016.205.
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Calculate Dilution Ratios(Only for Reference)
1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 2.8296 mL 14.1479 mL 28.2957 mL 56.5915 mL 70.7394 mL
5 mM 0.5659 mL 2.8296 mL 5.6591 mL 11.3183 mL 14.1479 mL
10 mM 0.283 mL 1.4148 mL 2.8296 mL 5.6591 mL 7.0739 mL
50 mM 0.0566 mL 0.283 mL 0.5659 mL 1.1318 mL 1.4148 mL
100 mM 0.0283 mL 0.1415 mL 0.283 mL 0.5659 mL 0.7074 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's need to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data of the sheet for your reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.
Protocol
Structure Identification:
Planta Med. 1998 Apr;64(3):259-63.
Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine.[Pubmed: 9581524]

METHODS AND RESULTS:
Monoclonal antibodies against retrorsine were established using a retrorsine-hemisuccinate::bovine-thyroglobuline conjugate as antigen for immunization. In competitive enzyme-linked immunoassays the specificity of the obtained antibodies was tested with 20 different pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Among these the alkaloids acetylgynuramine, gynuramine, integerrimine, neoplatyphylline, platyphylline, Rosmarinine, senecionine, and seneciphylline were able to bind the antibody. There was no cross-reactivity with the alkaloids senkirkine, angeloyl-heliotridine, heliotridine, axillarine, anacrotine, monocrotaline, madurensine, otosenine, retronecine, tussilagine, triangularine, and jacoline as well as with seneciphylline N-oxide.
CONCLUSIONS:
From this antigen spectrum it can be concluded that besides the necic structure itself the dominant and discriminative epitope consists of the exocyclic ethylidene group of the various diesters.
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