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Tomatine
Tomatine
ChemFaces products have been cited in many studies from excellent and top scientific journals
Product Name Tomatine
Price: $168 / 20mg
CAS No.: 17406-45-0
Catalog No.: CFN90930
Molecular Formula: C50H83NO21
Molecular Weight: 1034.2 g/mol
Purity: >=98%
Type of Compound: Alkaloids
Physical Desc.: Powder
Source: The fruits of Solanum lycopersicum.
Solvent: DMSO, Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.
Download: COA    MSDS    SDF    Manual
Similar structural: Comparison (Web)  (SDF)
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According to end customer requirements, ChemFaces provide solvent format. This solvent format of product intended use: Signaling Inhibitors, Biological activities or Pharmacological activities.
Size /Price /Stock 10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / $87.7 / In-stock
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Related Screening Libraries
Size /Price /Stock 10 mM * 100 uL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO / Inquiry / In-stock
Related Libraries
Biological Activity
Description: Tomatine is a natural glycoalkaloid with anti-inflammatory, fungicidal, antimicrobial, and insecticidal properties. alpha-Tomatine activates phosphotyrosine kinase and monomeric G-protein signaling pathways leading to Ca(2+) elevation and ROS burst in F. oxysporum cells.
Targets: NF-kB | PI3K | Akt | ERK | MMP(e.g.TIMP) | AP-1 | ROS | Calcium Channel
In vitro:
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol . 2017 Jul;171:178-186.
Neurotoxicity of the steroidal alkaloids tomatine and tomatidine is RIP1 kinase- and caspase-independent and involves the eIF2α branch of the endoplasmic reticulum[Pubmed: 28300624]
Abstract Steroidal alkaloids are a class of natural products that occur in several species of the Solanaceae family. In the case of the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), Tomatine and its aglycone, tomatidine, are the most representative molecules. These steroidal alkaloids have already shown several potentially useful biological activities, from anticancer to anti-inflammatory or antibacterial. In this work, the toxicity of these molecules in neuronal cells, namely in the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, was assessed, emphasis being given to the cellular mechanisms underlying the effects observed. The results show that Tomatine/tomatidine-induced cell death is caspase- and RIP1 kinase-independent, as cell death is not prevented by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD.fmk or by RIP1 inhibitor necrostatin-1. Analysis of Ca2+ levels using the fluorescent probe Fura-2/AM indicates that both Tomatine and tomatidine have a marked effect upon Ca2+ homeostasis by increasing cytosolic Ca2+, an event that might be associated with their effect upon the endoplasmic reticulum. We show that the toxicity of these molecules require the PERK/eIF2α branch of the unfolded protein response, but not the IRE1α branch. Given the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in proteostasis, the ability of these molecules to inhibit the proteasome was also evaluated. Tomatine was able to inhibit the chymotrypsin-like catalytic core of purified human 20S proteasome, as shown by its ability to prevent degradation of the fluorogenic substrate Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC, thus suggesting that interference with proteostasis can be responsible for the toxicity of these steroidal alkaloids. This study is relevant as it sheds a light regarding the toxicity of molecules present in one of the most consumed plants worldwide. Keywords: Calcium; Cell death mechanisms; Neurotoxicity: unfolded protein response; Steroidal alkaloids.
In vivo:
Acta Chir. Orthop. Traumatol. Cech.,2009,76(4):314-8.
Alpha-tomatine induces apoptosis and inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B activation on human prostatic adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells.[Pubmed: 19755056]
One of the methods used for treatment of Kienböck's disease is based on transposition of the pisiform bone into free space created by removal of the lunate bone. It is performed in patients with stage IIIB to IV, as assessed by Lichtmann's score. However, this operative procedure has so far lacked an unequivocal assessment of its therapeutic value. The aim of our work was to assess the therapeutic effect of the Kuhlmann method in the treatment of advanced stages of Kienböck's disease.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
From January 1996, eighteen patients (18 wrists) diagnosed with Kienböck's disease were operated on, using the Kuhlmann method, and the group of these patients was included in this follow-up study. The average follow-up time was 7.6 +/- 2.3 years. The results were evaluated on the basis of subjective (VAS) and functional criteria (ROM, grip force, DASH questionnaire and combined Cooney score questionnaires) and radiological assessment (arthritis evaluation, C.H.I., Natrass index, RSA). All patients experienced pain relief. The average pain assessment by VAS (10-point scale) before and after the procedure was 8.76 +/- 0.9 and 2.94 +/- 1.59, respectively. The range of motion was reduced on the operated extremity (70% compared to non-operated) as well as the grip test (57%). The average DASH score at the time of study was 20.9 +/- 12.2 and the average Cooney score was 67.6 +/- 17.4. Before the operation, eleven wrists showed signs of osteoarthritis. At the follow-up evaluation, arthritis was present in fifteen patients.We found a significant difference in average radiological parameters characterizing a carpal collapse deformity (C.H.I., Natrass index, RSA) - all parameters showed deteriorating tendencies. In nine patients, necrotic changes of the lunate occurred. In the patients whose pisiforme was not affected, a moderate retardation of carpal collapse occurred. However, the discrepancy between relevant indicators (C.H.I, Natrass index, RSA) was not statistically significant when comparing both groups. Therefore, we cannot conclude as to whether or not a vital transposed pisiforme bone impedes the development of carpal collapse. The only proved difference between these two groups was in pain evaluation, measured by VAS, after the procedure
CONCLUSIONS:
Although there was a good subjective assessment of the operation results, we are of the opinion that this method should not be used as a routine surgical procedure for advanced Kienböck disease. In view of a large number of failed cases we believe that this method should be considered very carefully.
Tomatine Description
Source: The fruits of Solanum lycopersicum.
Solvent: DMSO, Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.
Storage: Providing storage is as stated on the product vial and the vial is kept tightly sealed, the product can be stored for up to 24 months(2-8C).

Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20C. Generally, these will be useable for up to two weeks. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour.

Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please email to: service@chemfaces.com

After receiving: The packaging of the product may have turned upside down during transportation, resulting in the natural compounds adhering to the neck or cap of the vial. take the vial out of its packaging and gently shake to let the compounds fall to the bottom of the vial. for liquid products, centrifuge at 200-500 RPM to gather the liquid at the bottom of the vial. try to avoid loss or contamination during handling.
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Recently, ChemFaces products have been cited in many studies from excellent and top scientific journals

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Calculate Dilution Ratios(Only for Reference)
1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 20 mg 25 mg
1 mM 0.9669 mL 4.8347 mL 9.6693 mL 19.3386 mL 24.1733 mL
5 mM 0.1934 mL 0.9669 mL 1.9339 mL 3.8677 mL 4.8347 mL
10 mM 0.0967 mL 0.4835 mL 0.9669 mL 1.9339 mL 2.4173 mL
50 mM 0.0193 mL 0.0967 mL 0.1934 mL 0.3868 mL 0.4835 mL
100 mM 0.0097 mL 0.0483 mL 0.0967 mL 0.1934 mL 0.2417 mL
* Note: If you are in the process of experiment, it's need to make the dilution ratios of the samples. The dilution data of the sheet for your reference. Normally, it's can get a better solubility within lower of Concentrations.
Protocol
Kinase Assay:
FEBS lett., 2007, 581(17):3217-22.
alpha-Tomatine, the major saponin in tomato, induces programmed cell death mediated by reactive oxygen species in the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.[Pubmed: 17585910 ]
The tomato saponin alpha-Tomatine has been proposed to kill sensitive cells by binding to cell membranes followed by leakage of cell components. However, details of the modes of action of the compound on fungal cells are poorly understood.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
In the present study, mechanisms involved in alpha-Tomatine-induced cell death of fungi were examined using a filamentous pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. alpha-Tomatine-induced cell death of F. oxysporum (TICDF) occurred only under aerobic conditions and was blocked by the mitochondrial F(0)F(1)-ATPase inhibitor oligomycin, the caspase inhibitor D-VAD-fmk, and protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Fungal cells exposed to alpha-Tomatine showed TUNEL-positive nuclei, depolarization of transmembrane potential of mitochondria, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that TICDF occurs through a programmed cell death process in which mitochondria play a pivotal role. Pharmacological studies using inhibitors suggest that alpha-Tomatine activates phosphotyrosine kinase and monomeric G-protein signaling pathways leading to Ca(2+) elevation and ROS burst in F. oxysporum cells.
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